I am an outdoorsman, podcaster and speaker. I talk and write about the natural environment, biodiversity, conservation, hunting and fishing, rewilding and more. I am particularly interested in wildlife and human-wildlife interactions. I enjoy reading scientific papers on those subjects as much as being outdoors weathering the elements and getting first-hand experiences.
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When Reintroductions Cause De-wilding
Published 6 months ago • 3 min read
Conservation and Science
This week, it is my great pleasure to once again bring you my conversation with Alexander Lees. Alex is one of those special people - a walking encyclopaedia on the topic of birds and all things ecological. On top of that, he's an incredibly effective science communicator and an all-round good chap! I definitely encourage you to give him a follow on social media. If social media is useful for anything, it's to pay attention to people like Alex. Oh, and in case you're wondering, Alex is also one of the authors of the brilliant and very popular Cornell Lab's Merlin Bird ID app.
This time we tackle the topic of reintroductions following Alex's chapter in Ian Parson's book 'Great Misconceptions: Rewilding Myths and Misunderstandings'. I spoke with Ian about his book late last year and I will rebroadcast that episode next week as part of the replay series. Speaking of the replay series, in this issue of the newsletter we have one of the most popular episodes from last year, where I spoke with three experts about sika deer in Ireland and its invasive species status.
Enjoy this dose of conservation and science!
When Reintroductions Cause De-wilding
Can species reintroductions harm biodiversity rather than help it? Why might bringing back wolves or lynx create more problems than solutions? Are we using reintroductions as a distraction from the real drivers of our nature crisis? In conversation with Alex Lees, Reader at Manchester Metropolitan University, we explore these questions and cut through popular assumptions about rewilding.
Alex argues that many reintroduction projects might cause 'de-wilding' rather than rewilding, particularly when we rush to move species around instead of letting natural colonisation occur. He explains why the fossil record isn't a menu for potential reintroductions and how our current biodiversity crisis stems from recent habitat degradation, not from species lost centuries ago. We also discussed the paradox of illegal beaver releases that succeeded alongside expensive official trials. Finally, we talk about the fundamental difference between fixing historical wrongs versus exercising ecological force with species translocations.
The evidence shows that most of our wildlife losses happened in the 20th century due to habitat destruction, agricultural intensification and pollution, not from the absence of wolves, lynx, or other large mammals that were lost millennia ago. Alex makes a compelling case that while reintroductions have their place, they risk becoming a political smokescreen that allows governments to avoid tackling the real causes of biodiversity collapse. Our focus should be on habitat restoration, reducing invasive species, and creating connectivity for natural recolonisation rather than expensive translocation programmes.
Sika (cervus nippon) is a mid-sized deer that was introduced to Ireland in the 1860s to the Powerscourt Estate. Soon after that, it started spreading across Ireland. Today, the main concentrations of sika are in Kerry, Wicklow, Tyrone and Fermanagh. More recently, it has also been found in Waterford, Galway, Limerick, and Wexford. The National Biodiversity Data Centre in Ireland lists sika as an invasive species. Despite that, it’s afforded protection under the Wildlife Act. It is prized by hunters as a game species and a source of excellent quality venison on the one hand, and hated by foresters and environmentalists for the damage to forestry and biodiversity on the other.
Sika is present on the entire European continent and, although not as widespread as in Ireland, it is also causing similar problems. This is reflected in the recent move by the European Commission to launch consultations to put sika on the Invasive Alien Species (IAS) list across the Union. This poses the obvious question: what does it mean for the Irish population of sika if the EC makes such a decision? Will or should it be allowed continuous protection with open and closed hunting seasons? Or should it be reduced to the status of vermin and be eradicated across the country?
To discuss the potential future of sika deer in Ireland and present a whole spectrum of views about this species, and invasive species more generally, I spoke with four expert guests presenting different views on the subject. By listening to this episode you will hear from Professor Jaimie T.A. Dick who specialises in Invasion Ecology, Eoghan Daltun an award-winning author who has spent last 15 years regenerating an Irish Atlantic rainforest, Damien Hannigan a Government Appointee to the Irish Deer Management Forum and Public Relations Officer at the Irish Deer Commission, and Professor of Wildlife Restoration Ecology, Adam T. Ford.
I am an outdoorsman, podcaster and speaker. I talk and write about the natural environment, biodiversity, conservation, hunting and fishing, rewilding and more. I am particularly interested in wildlife and human-wildlife interactions. I enjoy reading scientific papers on those subjects as much as being outdoors weathering the elements and getting first-hand experiences.
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